A Z-score is a standardized measure used in proficiency testing to evaluate how far your laboratory's result deviates from the expected value. It tells you:
Z = (x - μ) / σ
Where:A laboratory measures glucose in a PT sample:
Z-Score = (5.8 - 6.0) / 0.2 = -1.0
This result is satisfactory (|Z| < 2)